Item Detail
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29302
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7
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95
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English
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Captivity, Adoption, Marriage and Identity : Native American Children in Mormon Homes, 1847-1900
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Las Vegas, NV
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University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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306
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MA
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The indigenous of North America’s Great Basin developed a way of life based on the available resources the Basin provided. Their culture and customs provided a stable
means of understanding and interacting with the forces of nature and men. Their myths
elaborated on their expectations, hopes, and fears, in real and metaphorical ways, as
evidenced by stories of the trickster Coyote. As Great Basin bands came in contact with the Spanish and other Europeans, they adjusted their mode of gathering necessary
resources based on new technologies, such as horses and guns, as well as their myths to
cope with change. This process entailed some adjustment in their perceptions of the
world around them and in their own perception of their identities. Some Indigenes, such as the Utes and Comanches, raided other Native bands throughout the Southwest enslaving women and children who they traded to the Spanish in exchange for additional horses and guns. Native American children, acquired through this difficult and wrenching raid-and-trade process, experienced a major cultural shift that imposed upon them an external identity. They reacted to that shift in varied ways that expressed individual constructed identity. The Utes and others who sold, traded or gave them away, and the Mormons who purchased, accepted or received them in trade, struggled to define rules governing the practice and their obligations concerning the children caught up by that practice. Individual personality characteristics, preconceived notions about the opposing culture, and the external actions of the United States federal government, complicated rules definition and the subsequent behavior of those involved.As the children came of age to marry, some faced prejudice and others found
acceptance. Individual and family personalities, rather than cultural conventions alone often determined the outcome of the marriages. During this time Native Americans and Mormons experienced conflicts with each other, but especially with the U. S. Army and federal agents, and worked to negotiate their place in new structures. The Mormons and Native Americans experienced disillusionment in this time as fervently accepted concepts collided with hard realities, resulting in a mixture of anger, accommodation, assimilation and acculturation. Adult Native American children who grew up in Mormon homes
negotiated their individual identities based on cultural cues from their combined cultures. This was a complicated process, but subsequent secondary literature written years after the fact tried to simplify the complexity as dictated by preconceived, often culturally skewed, notions. [From the author] -
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